TNF and COVID-19: This is corroborated by increased serum levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in patients with COVID-19, which are associated with greater morbidity and mortality.3,17 Hence the aim of this study was to investigate whether a non-viral inflammatory mechanism was a possible cause of cardiac injury in patients with COVID-19.