When NRK-49F cells were induced by 10 ng/mL TGF-β, the protein expression contents of FN, α-SMA, and COL1 in the TGF-β group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P ≤ 0.05), and NRK-49F cell developed fibrosis. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is fibrosis.