Lastly, due to the limited time and resources of this project, there is no experimental or functional validation of the results using NSCLC cell lines; however, we believe this work has achieved its intended objective of uncovering the clinical relevance and molecular landscape of ATM/ATR mutations in NSCLC using largescale real-world patient genomics datasets, presenting a strong foundation for subsequent mechanistic investigations. Here, ATR is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.