IL1A and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: ELISA assay results indicated a significant rise in pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-33 and IL-1α) in the COPD model group compared to the normal group (Fig. 1B).Additionally, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis showed a significant increase in three types of inflammatory cells, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages, in the COPD model compared to the normal group (Fig. 1C).