In plasma, TIMP-1, β2-microglobulin, IP-10, VEGF-A, and Renin were the top five ranked proteins to distinguish AKI (Fig. 1A,B), whereas TFF3, β2-microglobulin, NGAL, Cystatin C and TIMP-1 were the top ranked proteins to distinguish CKD/ESKD (Fig. 1C,D). This evidence concerns the gene REN and chronic kidney disease.