Also, plasma levels of Osteoactivin, Renin, IL-18, IP-10, MCP-1, VEGF-A, Uromodulin, α1-microglobulin, TFF3, Osteopontin, Cystatin C, NGAL, β2-microglobulin, and TIMP-1 were statistically able to differentiate CKD/ESKD from healthy control subjects (Table 4). This evidence concerns the gene GPNMB and chronic kidney disease.