In plasma, KIM-1, Calbindin, glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 (GSTA1), Renin, Clusterin, Interleukin 18 (IL-18), IP-10, Epidermal growth factor (EGF), MCP-1, VEGF-A, TFF3, Osteopontin, NGAL, β2-microglobulin and TIMP-1 were statistically able to differentiate AKI from healthy control subjects (Table 4). Here, SPP1 is linked to acute kidney injury.