Nestin+ BMSCs can increase energy production in leukemic stem cells (LSCs) via increased TCA cycling and OXPHOS, which provides LSCs with the key antioxidants needed to balance leukemogenesis and ROS levels during chemotherapy.31 This process is a potential target for adjuvant therapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This evidence concerns the gene NES and acute myeloid leukemia.