These findings provide important insights into why metformin increases acid secretion and reduces the risk of developing gastric cancer.82 In the field of stem cell therapies, umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) can induce mitochondrial autophagy in hepatocytes by directly activating the AMPK pathway, leading to phosphorylation of PTEN-induced putative kinase-1 (PINK1) and upregulation of Parkin levels. The gene discussed is PINK1; the disease is gastric cancer.