Our analysis revealed significantly higher CSC-related stemness genes (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG) (p < 0.0001) and ALDH1A1 (p < 0.0001) in TNBC (GSE30682), in contrast to ER+ luminal breast cancer (GSE5460) (Fig. 1E). Here, SOX2 is linked to breast carcinoma.