The expression of several factors implicated in the inhibition of viral transcription elongation, such as PCF11 (4.3-fold), GPS2 (2.6-fold), HEXIM1 (3.7-fold), and HEXIM2 (2.7-fold), was significantly upregulated in latent infection compared to actively infected cells (Fig. 4F). Here, GPS2 is linked to disease arising from reactivation of latent virus.