The pooled viruses were titrated as reported (24); B16 melanoma cells, which express a high level of PD-L1, were infected with 0.3 multiplicity of infection of the pooled DUB-KO lentivirus library; and, 48 hours after transduction, cells were selected with 2 μg/mL of puromycin for 3–4 days. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is melanoma.