Furthermore, CRISPR-mediated ATXN3 deletion dramatically reduced PD-L1 expression in mouse B16 melanoma, colon cancer MC38, and triple-negative breast cancer 4T1 cells (Supplemental Figure 2) and human lung small cell adenocarcinoma A549 cells (Figure 1, G–I), which was further confirmed by an alternative approach using shRNA-mediated knockdown of the ATXN3 gene (Supplemental Figure 3, A and B). Here, ATXN3 is linked to colonic neoplasm.