CXCL12 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In humans, cytokine profiles in the blood can be reversed after bariatric surgery—elevated CCL14, soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and platelet-derived growth factor BB in obesity are reduced, and lower CXCL12, CCL11, and CCL27 in obesity are increased [245].