In a paper published in 2018 by Moloney et al., the authors investigate two pathogenic mechanisms by which GPNMB contributes to PD; changes associated with lysosomal dysfunctions and regulation of glycolipids (in a CBE (conduritol-ß-epoxide) mouse model) or α-syn (in the Thy1-ASYN mice) [192]. Here, THY1 is linked to Parkinson disease.