This elevated angiogenic process in GBM and several other diseases is the outcome of increased expression of pro-angiogenic factors, viz., vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 8 (IL-8), transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), over that of antiangiogenic factors, viz., angiostatin, endostatin, thrombospondin. Here, TGFA is linked to glioblastoma.