TGFB1 and aortic aneurysm: Mutations in the genes involved in the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway, including TGFBR1, TGFBR2, SMAD3, SMAD4, and TGF-β2, have been identified as predisposing factors for aortic aneurysms and dissections with Marfanoid features48–52.