Low levels of cytoplasmic DARPP-32 Thr-34 phosphorylation was significantly associated with larger tumour size (χ2 = 7.057, d.f. = 1, P = 0.008), tumour cell nuclear pleomorphism (χ2 = 8.778, d.f. = 2, P = 0.012), the presence of vascular invasion (χ2 = 5.843, d.f. = 1, P = 0.016), higher tumour stage (χ2 = 17.966, d.f. = 2, P < 0.001), poor NPI values (χ2 = 12.216, d.f. = 2, P = 0.002), positive lymph node status (χ2 = 11.980, d.f. = 1, P < 0.001), and low Ki67 index (χ2 = 6.671, d.f. = 1, P = 0.010) at the time of presentation (Table 2). The gene discussed is MKI67; the disease is neoplasm.