SPP1 and neoplasm: When computing the correlation with macrophage state probability, suppression of B cell proliferation and differentiation was observed in samples with high SPP1+ macrophage signatures (Pearson correlation = −0.37), and the inverse trend was seen for the C1QC+ state (Pearson correlation = 0.47), likely indicative of the different roles these macrophages play in the tumor TME (Supplementary Fig. 9B, E, F).