The deficiency of RBM47-ISGylation exacerbates LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in K329R KI mice, with dysregulated cytokine expression observed, including elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, CCL2, and GM-CSF, and reduced levels of IFN-γ, CCL5, and CXCL9. IL-6, CCL2, and GM-CSF, as pro-inflammatory factors, have been upregulated as a marker in the pathogenesis of ALI [72]. Here, IL6 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.