As for comparison between the CN Aβ− group and the Alzheimer’s disease Aβ+ group, CSF p-tau (Cohen’s d = 1.96) and CSF t-tau (Cohen’s d = 1.662) showed the highest degree of change, followed by plasma p-tau (Cohen’s d = 1.228), CSF 14-3-3β peptide 44-51 (Cohen’s d = 1.14), CSF 14-3-3β peptide 63-70 (Cohen’s d = 0.973) and plasma NfL (Cohen’s d = 0.872; Fig. 4C). The gene discussed is NEFL; the disease is Alzheimer disease.