IL10 and bacterial infectious disease: While the activation of neutrophils is crucial for host defense, an excessive infiltration and activation of immune cells can lead to severe tissue damage and exacerbate bacterial infections (Qin et al., 2022) The study also underscores the significance of IL-10, a cytokine known for its anti-inflammatory properties, which plays a central role in infection by regulating the immune response to pathogens and thereby safeguarding the host against excessive damage (Saraiva and O'Garra, 2010).