VEGFA and lung carcinoma: Our previous study showed that ropivacaine inhibits the invasive and metastatic ability of A549 and H1299 lung cancer cells, potentially by regulating the expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 1 α, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) (Shen et al., 2022).