In fact, it has previously been shown that in human patients suffering from atrial fibrillation, the expression of the Kir1.3 and Kir3.4, which constitute the IKACh channel, were down-regulated, whilst the open probability was upregulated in atrial cardiomyocytes from humans undergoing cardiac surgery (34). The gene discussed is KCNJ15; the disease is atrial fibrillation.