Finally, serum IL-6 and TNF-a levels were correlated with an increase in the abundance of Bacteroides and a decrease in the abundance of Roseburia in T1D, whereas serum IL-10 and IL-13 levels were correlated with an increase in the abundance of Streptococcus and a decrease in the abundance of Bifidobacterium. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and type 1 diabetes mellitus.