ELF3 and cancer: Preclinical studies and clinical trials have explored a wider range of targeting epitopes and encapsulation methods, including nanoparticles, erythrocytes, hydrogels, liposomes, and extracellular vesicles.18,19 As discussed in the sections below, different techniques are used against cancer, in which off-targeting is often toxic, as compared to targeted ERT, in which off-targeting is often non-toxic but limits efficacy to desired cells.