PTGS2 and periodontal disorder: Moreover, the inhibitory effects of Curcumin on proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, cell migration through chemokines receptors and LPS-induced COX-2 expression are major factors in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease (Livada et al., 2017; Guzmán-Flores et al., 2023), and alveolar bone resorption might explain the beneficial effects of Curcumin as an adjunct to periodontal treatment (Hong et al., 2004).