Moreover, SHP2 mediates the activation of several receptor tyrosine kinases and downstream effectors of multiple signaling pathways (e.g., ALK-MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR), and has been identified as a common resistance node in subsets of ALK-rearranged lung cancers (23, 25, 33, 42). The gene discussed is PTPN11; the disease is lung carcinoma.