PIWIL1 and Miyoshi myopathy: Mechanistically, PIWIL1 overexpression reduced the phosphorylation of autophagy-related proteins (mTOR and AKT-Ser473) and increased the expression of PINK1/Parkin pathway protein Parkin, mitophagy-related protein (optineurin) and p-TBK-1, promoting MM cell drug resistance by regulating mitochondrial anti-apoptosis [26].