AKT1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Little is understood about CASC4 biology; however, a paralog of CASC4, GOLM1, is known to drive dissemination and apoptotic resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through facilitating the recycling and membrane trafficking of RTKs, which then leads to increased activity of pro-survival and proliferative signaling pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT or MAPK pathways [26].