For instance, Luo et al. showed that upon ARID1A depletion in squamous cell carcinoma, it would trigger the phosphorylation of RB by CDKs, which would then result in the release of E2F1 to activate c-myc expression, leading to an increase in stemness related proteins such as NANOG and SOX2, thus resulting in chemotherapy resistance53. This evidence concerns the gene ARID1A and squamous cell carcinoma.