Importantly, while shared CD8 TEM were present in the TME of both responders and non-responders (18% versus 8% of all intra-tumoural CD8 TEM respectively), shared CD8 TEMRA, were almost exclusively seen in responding tumours (57% of all intra-tumoural CD8 TEMRA in responders, compared to 6.1% in non-responders; Fig. 3cright). Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.