CD8A and neoplasm: In this study, the authors hypothesized that the use of HPV vaccination with anti-PD-1 injection could significantly increase the number of tumor-infiltrating CD8+T cells in mice with cSCC, eliciting a significant immune response that would synergize with PD-1 blockade and would provide insights into the potential impact of HPV vaccination on currently understudied HPV-associated malignancies.