Paeoniflorin also has an action at the level of increasing the expression of mitochondrial processing peptidase α (PMPCA) and small ubiquitin 1 (Sumo1) which are responsible for increasing mitochondrial Trx2 (thioredoxin 2) protein processing and increasing Trx2 levels, TrxR2, and Prx3 in the sciatic nerve of rats with diabetic neuropathy, a severe consequence of diabetes mellitus, thereby reducing demyelination as well as improving mechanical pain threshold, thermal pain threshold, motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV). The gene discussed is TXN2; the disease is diabetes mellitus.