Female Cish+/+ and Cish−/− mice displayed similar basal levels of all cytokines and chemokines (Figure 5), but infection resulted in a significant increase in IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, IL-23, IFN-γ, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL7, CXCL2, and CXCL10 in Cish+/+ mice, whereas Cish−/− mice exhibited a slightly different response; the only significant increases observed in the Cish−/− mice were for IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, TNF-α, CCL2, although IL-27 and CCL4 levels were additionally significantly elevated in contrast to Cish+/+ mice. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and infection.