Moreover, various disease models have highlighted the implications of these lipid-like GPCRs in the pathophysiology of conditions such as obesity and diabetes (GPR119), colitis (S1PR4, PTGER4, PTGIR), autoimmunity (GPR132) and atherosclerosis (GPR132, PTGIR) (Aleti et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene PTGIR and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.