Previous data have shown that PITX2c overexpression is linked to oxidative stress, and this can contribute to the early developmental stage of AF (Tao et al., 2016; Collins et al., 2019; Mason et al., 2020); we focus our attention on mitochondrial dysfunction that could be linked to this specific gain-of-function mutation of PITX2. This evidence concerns the gene PITX2 and atrial fibrillation.