For example, Zhao et al. (2022b) reported that exosomes derived from human umbilical cord MSCs can inhibit NF-κB signaling in PCOS, thereby reducing ovarian GC inflammatory response and increasing anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 expression, while also inhibiting the pro-inflammatory factor TNFα and interferon-γ expression, decreasing cell apoptosis, and promoting progesterone production. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and polycystic ovary syndrome.