INS and metabolic syndrome: Also, higher LDL-C and diminished HDL-C levels, as risk features for β-cell dysfunction, increase the bio-disposal of LDL-C in the pancreatic cell metabolism to have a cytotoxic influence; they may also increase β-cell apoptosis, with an influence of IR on DM, thereby decreasing insulin sensitivity and impairing pancreatic β-cell function.24 Dyslipidemia is triggered by the alteration in lipoprotein activity, and it can also progress into IR and ultimately lead to DM.