SPRY4 and testicular germ cell tumor: Das Mrinal K also found in testicular germ cell tumors that SPRY4 expression (including mRNA, protein and SPRY4 - IT1) is significantly higher than that in normal testicular tissue and that small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockout of SPRY4 and SPRY4 - IT1 can obviously reduce the cell growth, migration, and invasion and significantly reduce the level of Akt phosphorylation; these results indicate that SPRY4 and SPRY4-IT1 may act as oncogenes through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, the same pathway that was enriched in the KEGG analysis (Das et al., 2018).