CASP3 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In skin wounds of T1DM diabetic rats (G2), the expression of the apoptosis-inducing genes Bax and caspase-3 was significantly reduced, and the expression levels of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene were significantly increased in diabetic tissues compared to those in control rats (G1) as a positive control (Fig. 3B).