THAP1 and Dystonia: GPi-DBS has a positive effect on both short- and long-term motor and functional results in individuals with DYT-TOR1A, DYT-THAP1, and NBIA/DYTPANK2, in contrast to the other monogenic forms of dystonia, with DYT-TOR1A having the most significant clinical improvement (Artusi et al., 2020).