PDK1 and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: Furthermore, Rowe et al. (160) identified elevated levels of key glycolytic enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase A [LDHA], pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 [PDK1], and the pyruvate kinase M2 [PKM2] isoform) in ADPKD cystic epithelial cells as compared with normal kidney epithelial cells, indicating shift from oxidative to glycolytic fluxes in ADPKD.