CD4 and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: Zimmerman et al. (93) reported an increased total number of intrarenal CD4 and CD8 T cells and a correlation between urinary CD4+ T cell count and annual eGFR decline over 5 years in a small cohort of ADPKD patients (n = 30), suggesting this novel marker as a candidate prognostic biomarker in ADPKD and supporting the proposed role of T cells in ADPKD pathogenesis.