PTN and diabetes mellitus: The pleiotropy analysis using the MR-Egger intercept test and MR-PRESSO showed that all genetic variants used had no substantial pleiotrophin in diabetic nephropathy (Egger intercept = -0.01609629, P = 0.3885723; global test P=0.6417), type 1 diabetes with renal complications y (Egger intercept =-0.06371645, P =0.1453258; global test P=0.23) and type 2 diabetes with renal complications (Egger intercept =-0.005553915, P = 0.8617735; global test P= 0.3243333).