In bladder cancer, long non-coding RNA H19 from the exosomes of M2 tumor-associated macrophages interfers K48-linked polyubiquitination of ULK1 mediated by NEDD4L, stabilizing ULK1 expression and promoting bladder cancer cell autophagy (Guo Y. et al., 2022). Here, ULK1 is linked to urinary bladder carcinoma.