NEDD4L and breast carcinoma: Moreover, Zhang et al. reported that NEDD4L was phosphorylated by serum glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1), leading to the release of Smad2 from inhibitory NEDD4L–Smad2 complexes, followed by the upregulation of connective tissue growth factor, ultimately promoting breast cancer metastasis (Liu et al., 2021).