NEDD4L and benign prostatic hyperplasia: Hu et al. (2009) reported that NEDD4L protein expression was downregulated in prostate cancer compared to levels in benign prostatic hyperplasia. In contrast, Hellwinkel et al. (2011) reported higher levels of NEDD4L mRNA in prostate cancer tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. Notably, three NEDD4L transcripts–NEDD4Lf, NEDD4Lg, and NEDD4Lh–were upregulated in prostate cancer cells in response to androgens (Qi et al., 2003; Sherk et al., 2008). NEDD4L was also downregulated in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells (Wang et al., 2018).