Aguilar et al. (2014) found that in aortic atherosclerosis, butyrate reduced the production of protease MMP2, chemokine CCL2, and adhesion molecule VCAM-1 at the site of lesions, resulting in reduced monocyte migration and adhesion to the lesion area. In vitro studies also confirmed that pretreatment with SCFAs inhibited the production of IL-6 and IL-8 and reduced VCAM-1 expression and cell adhesion in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) (Zapolska-Downar et al., 2004; Li et al., 2018). The gene discussed is VCAM1; the disease is aortic atherosclerosis.