These familial PD cases result from the mutations in a group of genes such as α-synuclein (SNCA), PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), parkin (PARK2), Vacuolar protein sorting ortholog 35 (VPS35), DJ-1 (PARK7), glucocerebrosidase (GBA), phospholipase A2 group 6 (PLA2G6), Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), lipoprotein receptor-related protein 10 (LRP10), ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase (UQCRC1), etc (Korecka et al., 2019; Jia et al., 2022; Li et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene SNCA and Parkinson disease.