CXCL12 and neoplasm: These cytokines or autocrine bodies are involved in stromal cell-tumour cell interactions by regulating signalling pathways such as PDGF-PDGFR and SDF-1-CXCR 4; they play crucial roles in capillary proliferation, activation, and migration of tumour cells, drug resistance generation, and immune escape during tumourigenesis (Polanska and Orimo, 2013).