Consistent with this, following TBI, increased LRRK2 expression has been observed to be associated with increased hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α), while inhibition of LRRK2 reduced neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits (Bae et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene LRRK2 and Cognitive impairment.