PARP1 and ischemic stroke: Consistent with these findings, various studies have found that the accumulation of PAR and the expression of PARP1 are significantly upregulated in ischemic brain tissue [134, 135], and PARP1 inhibitors such as 3-amino benzamide, 3,4-dihydro-5-[4–1(1-piperidinyl) butoxy]-1(2H)-isoquinolinone, and thieno[2,3-c]isoquinolin-5-one provide significant neuroprotection in experimental models of ischemic stroke in vivo and in vitro [136–138].