HAVCR2 and chronic hepatitis B virus infection: Considerably, several studies have demonstrated that high concentrations of TIM-3 can be detected in plasma or serum of cancers such as lung, gastric, liver, and cervical cancers and systemic inflammatory patients such as those with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and transplantation of patients with acute leukemia (25), suggesting that it may be associated with a poor prognosis of the disease, affirming its value as a prognostic or predictive marker for predicting the disease or assessing the response to immunotherapy.