Lastly, a recent cross-species meta-analysis found that astrocytes in ALS animal models as well as astrocytes derived from ALS patients or engineered to have ALS-associated mutations in VCP, FUS, SOD1, or C9orf72 shared transcriptomic signatures of increased inflammation and reduced neuronal support functions (127). Here, C9orf72 is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.