DEAF1 interacts with several genes at the protein level, including FBXO11, DDX58, AIMP2, GSK3B, and HRAS. They are associated with NDDs including autism, ID, DD, etc. Multiple de novo variants in FBXO11 (F-Box only protein 11) have been found to disrupt its protein expression and localization, leading to neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) through haploinsufficiency (50). Here, GSK3B is linked to autism.