For example, pharmacological blockade of CXCR4 attenuates the conditioned rewarding and locomotor stimulant effects of MDPV (Oliver et al., 2018), while blockade of CXCR4, CCR5, or IL-17A signaling attenuates changes in anxiety-like behaviors evoked by MDPV (Simmons et al., 2022; Inan et al., 2023). Here, CCR5 is linked to Anxiety.